preface

With the rapid development of urbanization in our country, high-rise residential buildings are constantly rising and experiencing rapid growth. However, it remains to be explored whether the configuration of elevators in a large number of high-rise buildings complies with China's current national building standards and national elevator standards.

2. Residential building design and general purpose elevator configuration

The section 6.4 on elevators in GB50096-2011 "Code for Design of Residential Buildings" states that in 6.4.1, elevators must be installed in residential buildings with seven floors or more, or in residential buildings where the height of the entrance floor from the outdoor design ground exceeds 16m. This article is in bold font. The preamble of this standard states that the provisions marked in bold are mandatory and must be strictly enforced. Moreover, the word 'must' is used here, which means strict and necessary.

As can be seen from the above, elevators must be installed for residential buildings with seven or more floors or for residents whose entrance floors are more than 16m above the outdoor design ground level.

Several explanations are provided in the standard regarding the above clause. (1) When the entrance floor of a multi story residential building on the ground floor is used as a store or other building, and the height of the outdoor design ground of the building exceeds 16m, an elevator must be installed. (2) For multi story residential buildings with elevated floors or storage spaces on the ground floor, elevators must be installed when the height of the entrance floor to the outdoor design ground of the building exceeds 16m. (3) When the top floor is a two-story duplex residential building, the number of floors in the duplex part is not counted. If the height of the entrance floor of the top floor residents from the outdoor design ground of the building does not exceed 16m, an elevator may not be installed. (4) When there is a direct entrance and exit to the outdoor ground and a fire escape on the middle floor of a residential building, the number of floors can be calculated from the middle floor onwards. Article (4) states that the middle floor of a residential building must have both direct access to the outdoor ground and a fire escape in order to be counted from the middle floor onwards. Article 6.4.5 of the standard states that elevators for residential buildings with seven floors or more should have stations on each floor where there are doors or public corridors. Residential elevators are centrally distributed in groups. Article 6.4.6 states that the depth of the elevator hall should not be less than the depth of the largest car in multiple elevators, and should not be less than 1.50m. Article 6.4.7 states that elevators should not be placed adjacent to bedrooms.

The above 6.4.6 and 6.4.7 also apply to the following stretcher and fire elevators that can accommodate stretchers. Article 6.4.7 is in bold font, therefore it is a mandatory provision that must be strictly enforced. Saier Elevator Network http://dt.saier360.com

3. Residential building design and stretcher carrying elevator capacity

3.1 Residential building design and stretcher carrying elevator configuration

According to Article 4.1.7 of GB50096-1999 "Code for Design of Residential Buildings", for residential buildings with twelve or more floors, each building should be equipped with no less than two elevators, including one elevator that can accommodate stretchers. The standard uses the word 'appropriate' here to indicate that a slight choice is allowed, and when conditions permit, this should be the first choice. Unfortunately, the regulations do not mandate the installation of elevators that can accommodate stretchers here.

According to Article 6.4.2 of GB50096-2011 "Residential Design Code", for residential buildings with twelve or more floors, each building should be equipped with no less than two elevators, including one elevator that can accommodate stretchers. The standard here changes the 1999 version of 'Yi' to 'Ying'. Words that indicate strictness, which should be done under normal circumstances. Improved the strict level of execution. Unfortunately, the standard does not use the word 'must' here, and this provision does not use bold font, so it is not a mandatory provision. According to Article 6.4.3 of the standard, when only one elevator is installed per unit in residential buildings with twelve floors or more, a connecting corridor should be set up from the twelfth floor onwards to connect with adjacent residential units. The connecting corridor can be divided into layers, and the distance between the upper and lower connecting corridors should not exceed five layers. The net width of the connecting corridor should not be less than 1.10m, and the net height of some areas should not be less than 2.00m. Article 6.4.4 states that if a residential building with twelve floors or more consists of two or more residential units, and one or more of the residential units are not equipped with an elevator that can accommodate stretchers, a connecting corridor should be set up from the twelfth floor to connect with the elevator that can accommodate stretchers. The connecting corridor can be divided into layers, and the distance between the upper and lower connecting corridors should not exceed five layers. The net width of the connecting corridor should not be less than 1.10m, and the net height of some areas should not be less than 2.00m.

3.2 Specification and dimensions of elevator car that can accommodate stretchers

The "Residential Design Code" does not provide specific specifications and dimensions for the elevator car that can accommodate stretchers, but Chapter 1.0.4 of the "Residential Design Code" states that in addition to complying with this code, residential design should also comply with relevant mandatory national standards. Article 1.0.4 of the "Development Instructions" in the specification states that in addition to implementing this regulation, the design should also comply with the relevant mandatory standards of the country, mainly including the "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GB50016; Fire Protection Code for High rise Civil Buildings GB50045; GB/T7025 "Main Parameters of Elevators and Types and Dimensions of Car, Shaft, and Machine Room"... Although GB/T7025.1 is a recommended standard, its technical content and chapter numbers are consistent with ISO/DIS4190-1:2007 "Installation of Elevators - Part 1: Class I, II, III, and IV Elevators". This standard clearly states that Class I residential elevators A series have a load capacity of 1000kg, a car size of 1100 × 2100, and a door distance of 800; B series, with a load capacity of 1000kg, a car size of 1100 × 2100, and a door distance of 900. Both series of elevator cars can accommodate stretchers. The stretcher size is 600mm × 2000mm.

4. Residential building design and fire elevator Seer elevator network http://dt.saier360.com

4.1 Residential Building Design and Fire Elevator Configuration

According to Article 6.3.1 of GB50045-95 "Code for Fire Protection Design of Tall Buildings" (2005 edition), the following high-rise buildings should be equipped with fire elevators: (1) Class I public buildings; (2) Tower type residential buildings; (3) Unit style residences and corridor style residences with twelve or more floors; (4) Other Class II public buildings with a height exceeding 32m. The so-called Class I public buildings include the following ten types of buildings: (1) hospitals; (2) Premium hotels; (3) Commercial buildings, exhibition buildings, comprehensive buildings, television buildings, and finance and trade buildings with a building area exceeding 1000 square meters on any floor of a building with a height exceeding 50 meters or 24 meters; (4) Commercial and residential buildings with a building area exceeding 1500 square meters on any floor of a building with a height exceeding 50 meters or 24 meters; (5) Central and provincial (including planned cities) radio and television buildings; (6) Grid bureau level and provincial-level (including planned cities) power dispatching buildings; (7) Provincial (including planned cities) postal buildings and disaster prevention command and dispatch buildings; (8) Libraries and bookshelves with a collection of over one million books; (9) Important office buildings, research buildings, and archive buildings; (10) Teaching buildings with a height exceeding 50m, as well as ordinary hotels, office buildings, research buildings, archive buildings, etc. According to Article 7.3.1 of GB50016-2014 "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings", the following buildings should be equipped with fire elevators: (1) residential buildings with a height greater than 33m; (2) Class I high-rise public buildings and Class II high-rise public buildings with a building height greater than 32m; (3) Underground or semi basement of buildings with fire elevators, other underground or semi underground buildings (rooms) with a burial depth greater than 10m and a total construction area greater than 3000 ㎡. Article 7.3.2 states that fire elevators should be installed in different fire compartments, and each fire compartment should have no less than one unit. The so-called Class II public buildings include the following three types of buildings: (1) commercial buildings, exhibition buildings, comprehensive buildings, television buildings, finance and trade buildings, commercial and residential buildings, libraries, and bookstores, excluding Class I buildings; (2) Postal buildings, disaster prevention command and dispatch buildings, radio and television buildings, and power dispatch buildings below the provincial level; (3) Teaching buildings and ordinary hotels, office buildings, research buildings, and archives buildings with a building height of no more than 50m.

As can be seen from the above, high-rise buildings that meet any of the four requirements should be equipped with fire elevators.

4.2 Requirements for Building Design of Fire Elevators

4.2.1 Number of fire elevators installed

The number of fire elevators installed in high-rise buildings should comply with the following regulations: (1) When the area of each floor is not more than 1500 square meters, one elevator should be installed; (2) When it is greater than 1500 square meters but not greater than 4500 square meters, 2 units should be installed; When it exceeds 4500 square meters, 3 units should be installed. Multiple fire elevators should be located in different fire compartments.

4.2.2 Architectural design should include a front room

The fire elevator should be installed in the shaft with a front room in front of each floor door. The space of each front room should be determined based on the requirements of stretcher transportation and the specific location of the door in situations where there is a predetermined purpose, including evacuation. According to Article 6.3.3.2 of GB50045-95 (2005 edition), a front room should be installed in the fire elevator room, with an area of no less than 4.50 square meters for residential buildings; Public buildings should not be less than 6.00 square meters. When sharing a front room with a smoke proof staircase, its area should not be less than 6.00 square meters for residential buildings; Public buildings should not be less than 10 square meters. The front room of the fire elevator should be set up against the exterior wall, and an exit leading directly to the outside or a passage no longer than 30 meters should be provided at the entrance level.

4.2.3 Fire Protection Requirements for Architectural Design

The door of the front room of the fire elevator should use Class B fire doors or fire-resistant rolling shutters with stopping function. Fire elevator shafts and machine rooms should be separated from adjacent elevator shafts and machine rooms by partition walls with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.00 hours. When opening doors on walls, Class A fire doors should be installed.

4.2.4 Waterproof facilities at the entrance of the fire elevator lobby and the bottom pit of the fire elevator shaft

Water blocking facilities should be installed at the entrance of the fire elevator lobby. The bottom pit of the fire elevator shaft should be equipped with drainage wells and drainage facilities. The capacity of the drainage well should not be less than 2.00m 3, and the drainage capacity of the drainage pump should not be less than 10L/s.

4.3 Car size and rated load capacity of fire elevator

The size and rated load capacity of the fire elevator car should be selected first from GB/T7025.1-2008. The car size should not be less than 1350mm wide by 1400mm deep, the rated load capacity should not be less than 800kg, and the net entrance width of the car should not be less than 800mm. In situations where there are predetermined purposes including evacuation, such as transporting stretchers, hospital beds, or designing fire elevators with two entrances and exits, the rated load capacity should not be less than 1000kg, and the minimum size of the car should be designed to be 1100mm wide by 2100mm deep as specified in GB/T7025.1-2008.

5. Residential building design and elevator configuration for the elderly

According to Article 4.5.1 of GB/T50340-2003 "Design Standards for Residential Buildings for the Elderly", elevators should be installed in residential buildings for the elderly. Buildings with three or more floors providing living and activity spaces for the elderly should be equipped with elevators and stations on each floor. Article 4.5.2 states that the elevator configuration should meet the following conditions: (1) the car size should be able to accommodate stretchers; (2) The width of the hall door and elevator door should not be less than 0.80m; For elevators with a high rated load capacity, it is advisable to choose hall doors and car doors with a width of 0.90m. (3) The depth of the waiting hall should not be less than 1.60m, and the height of the call button should be 0.90-1.0m. Other features should also comply with accessibility requirements. From the above, it can be seen that in buildings where elderly people live or move around, elevators should be installed on the third floor or above, and they should be able to accommodate stretchers.

6. Conclusion

Residential building design should comply with the functional requirements specified in relevant national standards, and corresponding stretcher or fire elevators should be installed according to regulations.

For a long time, due to outdated concepts and insufficient efforts to implement national standards. Especially developers, architects, and even regulatory authorities adhere to years of engineering experience and customary practices, using relatively outdated indicators to equip residential buildings with elevators. As a result, a large number of newly constructed residential buildings still lack the capacity to accommodate stretcher elevators or fire elevators (referring to residential buildings that should be equipped with stretcher elevators or fire elevators according to standard regulations).

The purpose of the author writing this article is to attract the attention of the whole society, so that relevant departments can be supervised to strictly implement national standards, and residential building designs can be equipped with stretcher or fire elevators according to standard regulations, benefiting the people.